Everything about Anhydride totally explained
In
chemistry, an
anhydride is a
compound that can be considered as derived from another compound by subtracting the molecules of
water.
For example:
» 2
NaOH - H
2O →
Na2O
H2SO4 - H
2O →
SO3
Thus
sodium oxide is an anhydride of
sodium hydroxide, and
sulfur trioxide is an anhydride of
sulfuric acid.
In organic chemistry, the compounds most commonly involved are
carboxylic acids.
» 2
CH3COOH - H
2O →
(CH3CO)2O
Compounds involved are often
acids or
bases; in such cases, the anhydrides can be called
acid anhydrides or
base anhydrides. This doesn't imply that the anhydrides are not themselves acids or bases; they are. But the more hydrated forms may be more familiar or convenient.
Anhydride is sometimes used as a synonym for
acid anhydride.
Following are two reactions, one with a typical acid and base, one with their anhydrides. The first one is more practical.
» 2 NaOH (aq) + H
2SO
4 (aq) → Na
2SO
4 + 2H
2O (l)
Na
2O (s) + SO
3 (g) → Na
2SO
4 (aq)
In general, anhydrides are more reactive than their corresponding acids, as they can react with water to form their corresponding acid. They often are good dehydrating agents.
Acetic anhydride is useful in the
acetylation of salicylic acid, as using
acetic acid to perform the reaction leaves water behind, which can destroy the product, acetylsalicylic acid, or
aspirin.
In biology, most of the
high-energy phosphate compounds are formed from the condensation of the
phosphate ion with a phosphorylated
sugar. The resulting
pyrophosphate bond is a classic anhydride bond.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Anhydride'.
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